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- ASSIGN (Drive)
-
- Instructs DOS to route disk I/O request for one drive into disk I/O for another
- drive.
-
- ASSIGN x=y
-
- Where x is the drive to which current disk I/O request to now be sent.
-
- y is the drive you want disk I/O request to now be sent.
-
- ATTRIB (Attribute)
-
- Allows you to set or reset the Read-Only file attribute, or to display the
- current setting of that attribute.
-
- ATTRIB [+R] [-R] filename
-
- Where +R is used to set the read attribute of the specified file to
- read-only.
-
- -R is used to reset the read attribute of the specified file.
-
- BACKUP
-
- Backs up one or more files from one disk to another.
-
- BACKUP x y [/S] [/M] [/A] [/D:mm-dd-yy]
-
- Where x is the drive and files that you want to backup.
-
- y is the drive that will contain the backup.
-
- /S to backup subdirectory files in addition to the files in the
- specified or current directory.
-
- /M is to backup files that have been modified since the last backup.
-
- /A is to add the files to be backed up to the files already present
- on the backup disk.
-
- /D is to backup files that have been modified on or after the specified
- date.
- BATCH file processing
-
- Batch commands are DOS commands that are contained in a special file called a
- batch file. When you execute a batch file, DOS executes the commands you
- include in the batch file.
- Help is available for the following batch commands by entering
- HELP BATCH command
- ECHO
- FOR
- GOTO
- IF
- PAUSE
- REM
- SHIFT
-
- ECHO
-
- Allows or inhibits the screen display of DOS commands executed from a batch
- file. It does not interfere with messages produced while the commands are
- processing.
-
- ECHO [ON] [OFF] [message]
-
- Where ON displays all the commands on the standard output device as they are
- executed. This is the default if ECHO is not used.
-
- OFF stops the display of commands on the screen (including remarks).
-
- message displays the message on the screen regardless of the current
- ON or OFF state.
-
- If ECHO is issued with no parameters, the current ECHO state is displayed.
-
- FOR
-
- Allows iterative execution of DOS commands.
-
- FOR %%variable IN (set) DO command
-
- The %%variable is sequentially set to each member of SET and then the command
- is evaluated and executed. If a member of set is an expression involving *
- and/or ?, then the %%variable is set to each matching filename from disk.
- Path names are allowed in set.
-
- NOTE: %%variable is required if the for command is included in a batch file.
- To type the FOR command at the DOS prompt, only include one %.
-
- GOTO
-
- Transfers control to the line following the one containing the appropriate
- label. A label is inserted in a batch file as a colon (:) followed by the
- label
- name.
-
- GOTO label
-
- IF
-
- Allows conditional execution of DOS commands.
-
- IF [NOT] condition command
-
- Where condition is one of the following:
-
- ERRORLEVEL number is true if the previous program had an exit
- code of number or higher. The number is specified as a decimal
- value.
-
- string1==string2 is true when string1 and string2 are identical.
- NOTE: The corresponding characters of string1 and string2 must
- both be uppercase or lowercase to be identical.
-
- EXIST filename
-
- PAUSE
- Suspends system processing and displays the message
- "Strike a key when ready...."
-
- PAUSE message
-
- Where message is an optional message to be displayed.
-
- REM (Remark)
-
- Displays remarks from with a batch file.
-
- REM message
-
- Where message is any string up to 123 characters long
-
- SHIFT
-
- Allows command lines to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9) replaceable
- parameters
-
- SHIFT
-
- Causes all parameters on the command line to be shifted one position to the
- left, with the %0 parameter being replaced by the %1 parameter, etc.
-
- BREAK
-
- Allows you to instruct DOS to check for a control break whenever a program
- request DOS to perform any functions.
-
- BREAK [ON] [OFF]
-
- Where ON is used to set BREAK=ON. This means that DOS checks for
- CTL-BREAK whenever it is requested.
-
- OFF is used to set BREAK=OFF. This means that DOS only checks for
- CTL-BREAK during Standard I/O operations.
-
- BREAK without parameters will display the current BREAK setting.
-
- The default is OFF.
-
- CD (Change Directory)
-
- Changes the DOS current directory of the specified or default drive, or
- displays the current directory path of a drive.
-
- CHDIR path
- or
- CD path
-
- Where path is the drive and directory you wish to set. The drive letter is
- not needed if you want to set the directory of the current drive.
-
-
- CHDIR (Change Directory)
-
- Changes the DOS current directory of the specified or default drive, or
- displays the current directory path of a drive.
-
- CHDIR path
- or
- CD path
-
- Where path is the drive and directory you wish to set. The drive letter is
- not needed if you want to set the directory of the current drive.
-
- CD without parameters will display the current directory.
-
- CHKDSK (Check Disk)
-
- Checks the validity of the disk data.
-
- CHKDSK [/F] [/V]
-
- where /F To have CHKDSK fix errors that are found in the directory or
- file allocation table.
- CLS (Clear Screen)
-
- Clears the display.
-
- COMMAND (Secondary Command Processor)
-
- Use the following command to invoke a secondary command processor. The primary
- reason is to invoke a batch file from with another batch file.
-
- COMMAND [/P] [/C string]
-
- Where /P Causes the copy of the new command processor to become permanent
- in memory. This is normally not used.
-
- /C string Allows you to pass a string and then automatically exit back
- to the primary command processor after the command is complete.
-
- string is a command that you want to pass to the command
- processor. The command is interpreted and acted upon as if you
- had typed it at the DOS prompt.
- COMP (Compare Files)
-
- Compares the contents of the first set of specified files to the contents of the
- second set of specified files.
-
- COMP file1 file2
-
- Where file1 Is the primary file
-
- file2 Is the secondary file
-
- COPY
-
- Copies one or more file to the specified disk.
-
- COPY [/A][/B] ipfile [/A][/B] opfile [/V]
-
- Where ipfile Is the input file
-
- opfile Is the output file
-
- When used before the input file
-
- /A Causes the file to be treated as an ASCII (text) file. The
- files data is copied up to, but not including the first
- end-of-file character (Ctrl-Z) found in the file. The
- remainder of the file is not copied.
-
- /B Causes the entire file (based on the directory file size)
- to be copied.
-
- When used before the output file
-
- /A Causes a Ctrl-Z character to be added as the last character
- of the file.
-
- /B Causes no end-of-file character (Ctrl-Z) to be added.
-
- Defaults: /A when concatenation is being performed and /B when
- concatenation is not being performed)
-
- CTTY (Change Console)
-
- Changes the standard input and output console to an auxiliary console, or
- restores the keyboard and screen as the standard input and output devices.
-
- CCTY device-name
-
- Where device-name is AUX, COM1, OR COM2. Use CON to reset the primary
- standard input and output devices to the primary console.
- DATE
-
- DATE mm-dd-yy
-
- Where mm-dd-yy is the month, day, and year
-
- DEL (Delete)
-
- Deletes the specified file or files.
-
- DELETE file
-
- Where file Is the file name or file templet. If file is not specified
- *.* is assumed. When *.* is specified or assumed the
- following message is displayed to verify that you actually
- want to delete all files:
-
- Are you sure (Y/N)?
-
- DIR (Directory)
-
- List either all the directory entries, or only those for specified files.
-
- DIR file [/P] [W]
-
- Where file is a file name or templet.
-
- /P to pause the display when the screen is full.
-
- /W to display the information in a wide display format.
-
- DISKCOMP (Compare Diskettes)
-
- Compares the contents of the diskette in the first specified drive to the
- contents of the diskette in the second specified drive.
-
- DISKCOMP d1 d2 [/1] [/8]
-
- Where d1 is the primary drive.
-
- d2 is the secondary drive.
-
- /1 compares only the first side.
-
- /8 compares only 8 sectors per track
-
- DISKCOPY (Copy Diskettes)
-
- Copies the contents of the diskette in the source drive to the diskette in the
- target drive. The target diskette is formatted if necessary, during the copy.
-
- DISKCOPY d1 d2 [/1]
-
- Where d1 is the input drive.
-
- d2 is the output drive.
-
- /1 to copy only the first side regardless of the diskette or
- drive type.
-
- ERASE (Erase File)
-
- Erase the specified file or files. (See DELETE).
-
- FIND (Find Filter)
-
- Sends all lines from the specified filenames that contain the specified string
- to the standard output device.
-
- FIND [/V][/C][/N] "string" file
-
- Where /V to display all lines NOT containing the string
-
- /C to display a count of the number of lines containing the string.
-
- /N to display the relative line number of each matching line ahead
- of the line from the file.
-
- "string" Enclose the string in double quotes("). Two quotes in
- succession are taken as single quote. An uppercase string does
- not match a lowercase string.
-
- FORMAT
-
- Initializes the disk in the designated or default drive to a recording format
- acceptable to DOS; analyzes the entire disk for any defective tracks; and
- prepares the disk to accept DOS files by initializing the directory, File
- Allocation Table, and system loader.
-
- CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION
- Please note that formatting destroys all data on the disk.
-
- FORMAT d [/S][/1][/8][/V][/B][/4]
-
- Where d is the drive to be formatted.
-
- /S to copy the operating system files to the new disk.
-
- /1 to format the diskette for single-sided.
-
- /8 to format the diskette for 8 sectors per track.
-
- /V to give the disk a volume label.
-
- /B See manual.
-
- /4 See manual.
-
- HELPDOC
- Configuring The Help Facility
-
-
- The new SCP help facility can be easily tailored for OEM or
- end user needs. The program "HELP.COM" looks for a file "HELP.SYS" in
- the default directory, or through path searching. When distributed, HELP
- is located in the BIN directory with the rest of the command files.
-
- HELP.SYS is really just an ASCII text file with a few special
- control keys embedded for text manipulation. If you have a screen editor
- that can insert control characters (Control-C,etc.) ,such as VEDIT, then
- you can re-edit the file for your specific needs, such as special commands,
- further explanations. Explained below is how the text file is manipulated.
- HELP.COM searches for the file "HELP.SYS" on the default directory.
- If it is not found, the default environment will be searched for "PATH="
- then it will start path searches, just as the command processor does. If
- you have another application which uses the same filename "HELP.SYS" then you
- can rename the file,and with the debugger, you can change HELP.COM to search
- for another name. See explanation below.
-
- IF HELP finds the file, it opens it with XENIX type file calls. An
- 8K buffer is established and the 1st 8k of the file is read in. If there was
- no key or subkey typed when help starts up, the default menu is displayed.
- When a key is type (such as 'debug') HELP will search each 'record' until
- it finds that key. Case is ignored and the length of the key doesn't matter.
- You do not have to type the full key name for searching, it will just search
- for the 1st match of the key name entered. You need type a key only up to the
- first significant letter. For example:
-
- "BAT" Will find batch processing record.
-
- "BAC" Will find the backup record.
- Records are separated from each other by a Control-A (01H). If there
- are subkeys for that record, (such as FIND OPTION) the subkey records have a
- Control-B at the beginning of the record. Records can be any length, if the
- text buffer fills up, it will automatically fill in more. When the proper
- record is found, text is display to the screen, a line counter keeps track
- of the number of lines. If the text fills more than 23 lines, the scrolling
- stops and waits for user (unless pause flag is disabled). The only non-alpha
- characters in the file are Control-D (04H) - page screen, and Control-C - end
- of file. A summary of the control keys is below:
-
- Control-A : Marks beginning of text record.
-
- Control-B : Marks beginning of sub-key text record.
-
- Control-D : Page screen (if pause flag). Stop text
- writing and fill screen with blanks. Wait
- for user entry to start. (Cleans up display
- into desired screen pages)
-
- Control-C : End of file.
- The command line in help is a standard buffer and can use the
- standard DOS editing template keys. If a simple return is typed, the old
- template will not be lost. Typing a control-x while records are viewed will
- return the user to the help command level. You can return to DOS by typing
- control-C at any time, or "Q" or "QUIT" from the help command level.
-
- To speed up search of keys and simplify code, it is assumed that the
- keys are in alphanumeric order. If they are not, it will not find the key on
- the first pass and an error will be generated. It will find the key on the
- 2nd pass, but this is usually not a desired effect. If you add new records,
- make sure they are in alphabetical order.
-
-
- Changing HELP.SYS to another name: Just rename the file with REN.
-
- REN HELP.SYS (Newname)
-
- You must modify HELP.COM to search for another name. The
- debugger DEBUG.COM can do it. Type the following:
-
- DEBUG \BIN\HELP.COM
-
- This will load in the help command file. Then type
-
- D742
-
- You should see:
-
- d742
-
- 0B7E:0740 48 45 4C 50-2E 53 59 53 00 00 00 00 HELP.SYS....
- 0B7E:0750 00 24 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .$..............
- 0B7E:0760 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
-
- If you don't see the above, search any memory area nearby.
- You must only modify if you find "HELP.SYS". This is a
- reserved area for the filename. You can modify it by typing
-
- E742 "(Newfilename)",0
-
- E is the enter command, and 704 is the starting address for
- the text string. The new filename must be a maximum of 8
- characters for the filename and 3 for the extension. You must
- put a 0 at the end of the name.
- Save your new HELP.COM by typing
-
- W
- Q
-
- Do not attempt to modify any registers or other memory
- locations as the program will not work then. All error
- messages will use the new filename you have just set up.
-
-
-
- NEW DOCUMENTATION
-
-
-
- This program was originally written by me for Seattle Computer
- products. Some of the documentation in the help.sys will not apply to
- the IBM owners! I hope to download most of these programs (Count,Debug
- etc.) to the database in the near future as I know they will be useful
- to all PC lovers! Most of these programs were set up for generic
- MS-DOS machines and will be unfamiliar to the IBM world. Some of the programs
- were also distributed by IBM but I modified them at SCP for our own
- needs, since I had the source code to MS-DOS and its utilities.
-
- I hope to xmit most of these different programs sometime soon as
- I feel the whole community of users can use them, and since I no longer
- work at SCP I have complete rights to them! Enjoy it!
-
-
- Craig Derouen
- Seattle,Wa
-
- LABEL
-
- Allows you to create, change, or delete a volume label.
-
- LABEL d [label]
-
- Where d is the disk drive.
-
- label to specify the volume label. They can be up to 11 characters
- and are in the same format as volume labels created by
- FORMAT /V. If you do not specify a volume label, you are
- prompted for one.
-
- MKDIR (Make a Directory)
-
- Creates a subdirectory on the specified disk.
-
- MKDIR path
- or
- MD path
-
- Where path specifies the path of directory names.
-
- MODE
-
- Set the way that a printer, a Color/Graphics monitor adapter, or an Asynchronous
- Communications Adapter operates.
-
- Help for the four options of the MODE command are available by entering:
- HELP MODE option
-
- Where option is PRINTER to set the printer.
- DISPLAY to set the display.
- COMM to set the Asynchronous Communications Adapter
- SERIAL to redirect printer output to serial printer
-
- COMM
-
- Used to set the Asynchronous Communications Adapter.
-
- MODE COMn[:]baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,P]]]]
-
- Where n is either 1 or 2 (asynchronous communications adapter number).
-
- baud 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600.
-
- parity is either N (none), O (odd), or E (even) default is E.
-
- databits is either 7 or 8. Default is 7.
-
- stopbits is either 1 or 2. If baud is 110 then default is 2, otherwise
- the default is 1.
-
- P indicates that the asynchronous adapter is being used for a
- serial interface printer.
-
- DISPLAY
-
- To switch display adapters and setting the display mode of the Color/Graphics
- monitor adapter.
-
- MODE n
- or
- MODE [n],[m][,T]
-
- Where n is 40, 80, BW40, CO40, CO80, or MONO.
- 40 sets the display width to 40 characters.
- 80 sets the display width to 80 characters.
- BW40 sets the color monitor for a width of 40 characters and
- disables the color.
- BW80 sets the color monitor for a width of 80 characters and
- disables the color.
- CO40 sets the color monitor for a width of 40 characters and
- enables the color.
- CO80 sets the color monitor for a width of 80 characters and
- enables the color.
- MONO switches the active display adapter to the Monocrome
- Display Adapter.
-
- m is R or L (shift the display right or left)
-
- T request a test pattern used to align the display.
-
- PRINTER
-
- MODE LPT#[:][,[n],[m][,P]]
-
- Where # is 1 or 2 (the printer number)
-
- n is 80 or 132 (characters per line)
-
- m is 6 or 8 (lines per inch vertical spacing)
-
- P specifies continuous retry on time-out errors
-
-
- SERIAL PRINTER
-
- To redirect parallel printer output to an asynchronous communications adapter.
-
- MODE LPT#[:]=COMn
-
- Where # is either 1, 2, or 3 (printer number)
-
- n is either 1 or 2 (asynchronous communications adapter number)
-
-
- MORE (More Filter)
-
- Reads data from the standard input device, and sends one screen of data to the
- standard output device, and then pauses with the message --More--.
-
- MORE
-
- PATH (Set Search Directory)
-
- Specifies the directories for commands or batch files that were not found by a
- search of the current directory
-
- PATH [[path[;path]...]
-
- Where path is the full path of the directory. You should also include the
- drive as part of the path.
-
- When a path is not specified the current path will be displayed.
-
- PRINT
-
- Prints a queue (list) of data files on the printer while you are doing other
- tasks on the computer.
-
- PRINT [/D:device][/B:buffsiz][/U:busytick][/M:maxtick][/S:timeslice][/Q:quesiz]
- [/C][/T][/P][filename]
-
- Where device is used to specify the print device. If not specified the
- default PRN is used. IMPORTANT: If you specify /D, it must be
- the first parameter.
-
- buffsiz is used to the the size in bytes of the internal buffer. The
- default is 512 bytes.
-
- quesiz is used to specify how many print files you can have in the
- queue. The range of values is from 1 to 32. The default is 10.
-
- timeslice is used to specify the time-slice value. The default is 8
- time slices. The range is from 1 to 255.
-
- busytick is used to specify the number of clock ticks that PRINT will
- wait until the print device is not busy.
-
- maxtick is used to specify how many clock ticks PRINT can have to print
- characters on the print device. The default is 2. The range
- is from 1 to 255.
-
- /T All queued files are canceled form the print queue.
-
- /C Allows you to select which file or files to cancel. The
- preceding filename and all following filenames entered on the
- command line are canceled form the print queue until a /P is
- found.
-
- /P The preceding filename and all following filenames are added to
- the print queue until a /C is found on the command line.
-
- NOTE: The parameters /D, /B, /Q, /S, /U, and /M can only be specified the
- first time you use the PRINT command.
-
- PROMPT (Set System Prompt)
-
- Sets a new DOS prompt.
-
- PROMPT [prompt text]
-
- Where prompt text can contain one or more of the following special character
- strings that are in the form of $c.
-
- Where c is one of the following:
-
- $ The $ character
- t time
- d date
- p current directory of the default drive
- v version number
- n default drive letter
- g the > character
- l the < character
- b the | character
- q the = character
- h A backspace; the previous character is erased
- _ the CR LF sequence
-
- RECOVER
-
- Recovers files from a disk that has a defective sector.
-
- SEE THE DOS MANUAL!
-
- RENAME
-
- Changes the name of the file specified in the first parameter to the name and
- extension given in the second parameter.
-
- RENAME opath npath
-
- Where opath is the old name
-
- npath is the new name
-
- RESTORE
-
- Restores one or more backup files from a disk to another disk.
-
- RESTORE d: path [/S][/P]
-
- Where d: is used to specify the drive that contains the BACKUP files.
-
- path is used to specify where you want to restore the files and what
- files from the source you want to restore.
-
- /S causes all files in subdirectories in addition to the files in
- in the specified directory.
-
- /P causes RESTORE to prompt you before restoring files that have
- changed since they were last backed up, or that are marked
- read-only.
-
- For more information see the manual.
-
- RMDIR (Remove a Directory)
-
- Removes a subdirectory from the specified disk.
-
- RMDIR path
- or
- RD path
-
- Where path is the path of the directory to be deleted.
-
- Note: A directory can not be deleted if there are any files in it.
-
- SET (Set Environment)
-
- This command inserts strings into the command processor's environment.
-
- SET [name=[parm]]
-
- Where name is the name associated with the parameter.
-
- parm is the data associated with the name.
-
- If name is specified and not parm the that name will be removed from the
- environment. If name is not specified then the current contents of the
- environment space will be displayed.
-
- SORT (Sort Filter)
-
- Read data from the standard input device, sorts the data, then writes the data
- to the standard output device.
-
- SORT [/R][/+n]
-
- Where /R causes it to sort in reverse order.
-
- /+n is used to start sorting with column n. The default is 1.
-
- SUBST (Substitute)
-
- Allows you to use a different drive specifier to refer to another drive or
- path.
-
- SUBST d: path
- or
- SUBST d: /D
-
- Where d: is used to specify the drive letter that you want to use to
- refer to another drive or path.
-
- path is used to specify the drive and path that you want to refer
- to with d:. The path you specify should start from the root
- directory.
-
- /D is used to delete a substitution. You must specify the drive
- letter of the drive whose substitution you want to delete.
-
- SYS (System)
-
- Transfers the operating system files IBMDOS.COM and IBMBIO.COM from the current
- drive to the specified drive.
-
- SYS d:
-
- Where d: is the drive you want to transfer the operating system to.
-
- Note: The disk you are transferring the operating system to must have been
- formatted with the /S option (see FORMAT).
-
- TIME
-
- Permits you to enter or change the time known to the system.
-
- TIME [hh:mm[:ss[.xx]]
-
- Where hh is the hours using a 24 hour clock.
-
- mm is the minutes.
-
- ss is the seconds.
-
- xx is the hundredths of seconds.
-
- TREE
-
- Displays all of the directory paths found on the specified drive, and optionally
- list the files in the root directory and each subdirectory.
-
- TREE [d:][/F]
-
- Where d: is used to specify the drive. The default is the current drive.
-
- /F is used to display the names of the files in all directories.
-
- TYPE
-
- Displays the contents of the specified file on the standard output device.
-
- TYPE path
-
- Where path is the path of the file to be displayed.
-
- VERIFY
-
- Verifies that the data written on a disk has been correctly recorded.
-
- VERIFY [ON | OFF]
-
- Where ON turns verify on.
-
- OFF turns verify off.
-
- VERIFY with no parameters displays the current status.
-
-
-